Microbiota‐directed food formulation

Food Science and TechnologyVolume 35, Issue 1 p. 26-27 FeaturesFree Access Microbiota-directed food formulation First published: 18 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/fsat.3501_7.xAboutSectionsPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text full-text accessPlease review our Terms Conditions of Use check box below share version article.I have read accept the Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a this article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Wendy R Russell, Madalina Neacsu Sylvia H Duncan University Aberdeen Rowett Institute discuss role gut microbiota in host health consider how foods could be formulated maintain healthy prevent disease. Background It has been firmly established that activity microbial species inhabit influence human metabolism. This turn affects balance between disease diet playing key role. As humans moved away from traditional diets, we observed rise obesity, as well several non-communicable diseases now overtaken infectious main cause mortality worldwide. In response this, technologists engineers adopted reformulation strategies. Most formulations do not take into account metabolism majority focus on sugar, fat calorie reduction. There is genuine opportunity connect advanced understanding engineering formulation. Concept microbiota-directed therapeutics was concept considered address global challenge childhood undernutrition. recognised development infant malnourished children impaired current therapeutic interventions failed repair immaturity1. tested feeding trial moderate acute malnutrition, where (complementary) increased abundance Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Clostridiales decreased Bifidobacterium longum. Plasma biomarkers growth, neurodevelopment immune function were also increased2. By definition, are generally designed elicit targeted metabolic via confer benefit host. To some extent, covered by term ‘prebiotic’, which describes growth beneficial intestinal microorganisms, but goes beyond describe deliberate design. much potential use particularly shaping community maturation. natural extension approach general can used gut, prevention management conditions, such type II diabetes cardiovascular Dietary targets Previous work action prebiotics increase bacteria provides insight for microbiome-targeted based carbohydrate substrates known regarding possess specific extracellular glycosidases. For example, Ruminococcus shown degrade resistant starch3, Prevotella respond arabinoxylan supplementation other important keystone species, strains prausnitzii, pectin4, 5. The products mostly short-chain fatty acids. Propionate decrease lipogenesis serum cholesterol levels, reduce carcinogenesis, butyrate thought anti-inflammatory enable enhancement barrier mucosal immunity6. Taking advantage mannan-specific esterase capability butyrate-producing bacteria, Roseburia an acetylated galactoglucomannan porcine model demonstrated additional non-mannolytic effects, specifically influencing acid production7. Protein another macronutrient substrate utilised result formation wide range metabolites. Several these deleterious health, including nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines hydrogen sulphide, genotoxic linked colonic disease8. may designing products, peptide amino associated production neurochemicals affect brain function. These include gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, tryptamine, noradrenaline dopamine9. addition macronutrients, emerging metabolites phytochemicals. An example molecule triterpenoid sapogenol, metabolite obtained soya suggested hypercholesteraemic effects10. Another group interest widely ubiquitous phenylpropanoid-derived derivatives hydroxybenzoic- cinnamic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes lignans. Many properties11. clear damaging or protective limit their production. Functional With knowledge comes ability through technologies deliver enhanced dietary solutions, both reducing increasing bio-accessibility Processing induce (enzymatic non-enzymatic) chemical modifications impacting structure availability. One control particle size. Modulation maize bran size exhibit effects fermentation production, acetate, propionate being dependent12. Thermal processing modifies composition due reactions. High temperature cooking when compared milder conditions. However, impact likely source dependent13. Strengthening matrix promising strategy achieved polymer cross-linking utilising encapsulation technologies. Microencapsulation valuable technique bio-accessibility, tailoring early gastrointestinal availability and/or delivery colon. Keystone groups therefore modulate conditions Microbial Personalised approaches becoming increasingly there significant differences responses individuals enrolled interventions, terms system seemingly distant organs, brain. populations factor. microbiome itself malleable diet. Understanding will critical microbial-directed functional foods. achieve more directly focusing required, undertake population-wide analysis. However high-throughput sequencing affordable available. viable future prospect precision microbiomics (where all microorganisms investigated together) tool developing Conclusions directions coupled technologies, exciting opportunities interindividual variation account, personalised population subgroups developed manage diet-related disorders. Advances analysis inform crop selection breeding strategies, facilitating possibility design begin pre-farm gate. Targeted contribute efficient systems alleviating burden under- overnutrition. Institute, Foresterhill, AB25 2DZ Email [email protected] Web abdn.ac.uk/rowett References 1Blanton, L., Barratt, M.J., Charbonneau, M.R., Ahmed, T., Gordon, J.I. Childhood undernutrition, microbiota, therapeutics. 2016. 352: 1533Google Scholar 2Gehrig, J.L., Venkatesh, S., Chang, H.W., et al. 2019. Effects gnotobiotic animals undernourished children. 12: 365Google 3Ze, X., Duncan, S.H., Louis, P., Flint, H.J. 2012. bromii degradation starch ISME J. 6: 1535Google 4Chung, W.S.F., Walker, A., Bosscher, D., 2020. Relative genus within elderly volunteers determines inter-individual wheat arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides. BioMed Central Microbiology 20: 283Google 5Chung, Meijerink, M., Zeuner, B., 2017. Prebiotic pectin pectic oligosaccharides promote commensal FEMS Ecology 93: 11Google 6Louis, Formation microbiota. Environ Microbiol. 19: 29Google 7Michalak, Gaby, J.C., Lagos, fibre activates secondary shifts distal gut. Nature Communications 11: 5773Google 8Duncan, Iyer, W.R. Impact protein health. Proc Nutr Soc. Dec 22 [Online ahead print]Google 9Strandwitza, P. 2018. Neurotransmitter modulation Brain Res. 15/1693(Pt B): 128 Google 10Neacsu, Raikos, V., Benavidez-Paz, Y., Sapogenol major plasma high soy-based diets: relevance formulations. Foods 9: 422CASWeb Science®Google 11Russell, W.R., Scobbie, Chesson, A. 2008. Anti-inflammatory implications transformation phenolic compounds. Cancer 60: 636Google 12Thakkar, R.D., Tuncil, Y.E., Hamaker, B.R., Lindemann, S.R. Maize governs output vitro fermentations front. Microbiol May 20 print] 13Pérez-Burillo, Pastoriza, Jiménez-Hernández, N., Effect thermal J Agric Chem 31/66: 11500 Volume35, Issue1March 2021Pages ReferencesRelatedInformation